榆林市土地生态系统服务功能价值测评   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王晓峰 《西安地质学院学报》2009,(3):302-305

以典型农牧工矿交错区的榆林市为研究对象,基于遥感和GIS技术获取3期土地利用动态数据,分析评价了该地区近14年土地利用变化、成因以及所引起的土地生态系统服务价值的变化。结果表明：1988、1999、2002年,榆林市土地利用结构发生了巨大的变化。除牧草地和建设用地持续增加外,其他的土地利用类型均出现不同程度的减少,其中耕地面积减少最多,减少量为352 350 hm^2,其次是未利用土地,减少285 765 hm^2;减少面积最小的是水域。引起土地利用变化的主要原因是在自然环境背景下人为因素影响的结果,尤其是政策方面的影响尤为突出。该地区生态系统服务价值从1988年的150.65亿元增加到2002年的171.99亿元,增加了21.34亿元,这表明该区生态环境质量整体在提高。各生态系统服务类型中废物处理和水分供应的价值最大,对区域发展起着至关重要的作用。  相似文献   

河套地区土壤矿物组成分析及与各元素的关系   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

赵文涛  王喜宽  张青  瘳蕾  赵锁志  李世宝 《物探与化探》2009,33(1):16-19

通过对河套地区土壤中矿物组成的分析研究,土壤中矿物组成中砂质成分主要为石英、长石、方解石,黏土矿物组合主要为伊利石、绿泥石和高岭石,此外还有角闪石等少量矿物成分。在砂土、粉砂土中石英、长石含量较高,在黏土质为主的土壤中黏土矿物含量增加。黏土矿物与石英以及长石呈负相关关系,与大多数元素呈明显正相关关系,黏土矿物对各元素具有明显吸附性;石英、长石与各元素含量呈负相关关系,说明其对元素不具有吸附性。  相似文献   

不同土壤湿度条件下绿洲边界层特征的敏感性试验   总被引：5，自引：5，他引：0  

罗斯琼  陈世强  吕世华 《高原气象》2005,24(4):471-477

应用NCAR的非静力平衡中尺度数值模式MM5V3．6,设计了三种不同土壤湿度对金塔绿洲边界层的特征影响的敏感性试验。结果表明：土壤灌溉后地表温度和气温升温率较灌溉前有所减小。土壤湿度越大,绿洲温度越低,绿洲的“冷岛效应”越显著。绿洲灌溉后地面感热通量较灌溉前偏低,潜热通量比灌溉前高;土壤湿度越大,这种差异越显著。土壤湿度为0．35时,绿洲能够很好地表现绿洲特性,维持其自身的发展。绿洲边界层高度在灌溉前后有很大的变化。随着土壤湿度的增加,绿洲的边界层高度逐渐降低。这种较低的边界层对绿洲起到了保护作用,它将绿洲的能量与水分保存任较低的边界层中,促进了绿洲的进一步维持和发展。  相似文献   

北京商务中心区大气环境的数值模拟   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王宝民  刘辉志  桑建国 《气候与环境研究》2007,12(5):604-617

北京商务中心区(Central Business District,CBD)位于北京市中心的东部,距离故宫博物院约4.5km,占地约4km2,最高建筑物超过300m,建成后会导致局地大气环境改变。采用基于k-ε湍流闭合的城市冠层模式对CBD建成后的大气环境进行模拟,结果表明:主导风向西北风时的大气通风能力稍优于次主导风向西南风,空气动力学粗糙度约5.3m,零平面位移约110.0m;浅色建筑外观、屋顶绿化及高叶面指数植被有助于气温的降低,可缓解夏季热岛效应;交通高峰时段,主要道路尤其是交叉路口的NOx浓度超过国家二级标准。上述研究结果对优化CBD规划设计有重要参考价值。  相似文献   

Construction of ecological environment of oasis in Qingtongxia Irrigation District     

HUANG Xiao-qin  YU Yan-qing  SUN Yong-liang 《地下水科学与工程》2014,2(3):78-84

Oasis is the core area of social and economic development in the arid western regions, and is also a territory with prominent ecological environmental problems. Because of the unreasonable development and utilization of soil and water resources, the ecological environment of oasis in Qingtongxia Irrigation District is threatened by soil salinization, shrinkage of lakes and wetlands, and deterioration of water environment. As for these environmental problems, the direct cause is the loss of regulation of groundwater depth or serious pollution of water caused by man-made irrational exploitation, and the root cause lies in shortage of water resources and unreasonable allocation of water resources. In this regard, it is believed that the primary task for the construction ecological environment of oasis in Qingtongxia Irrigation District is to adjust the allocation structure of water resources and to ease the contradiction between supply and demand of water resources, for which the direct means is to carry out dynamic control of water and salt based on the ecological landscape structure and land type in the Irrigation District in accordance with local conditions.  相似文献   

Deep massive sulphide exploration using 2D and 3D geoelectrical and induced polarization data in Skellefte mining district,northern Sweden          下载免费PDF全文

Saman Tavakoli  Tobias E. Bauer  Thorkild M. Rasmussen  Pär Weihed  Sten‐Åke Elming 《Geophysical Prospecting》2016,64(6):1602-1619

Geoelectrical and induced polarization data from measurements along three profiles and from one 3D survey are acquired and processed in the central Skellefte District, northern Sweden. The data were collected during two field campaigns in 2009 and 2010 in order to delineate the structures related to volcanogenic massive sulphide deposits and to model lithological contacts down to a maximum depth of 1.5 km. The 2009 data were inverted previously, and their joint interpretation with potential field data indicated several anomalous zones. The 2010 data not only provide additional information from greater depths compared with the 2009 data but also cover a larger surface area. Several high‐chargeability low‐resistivity zones, interpreted as possible massive sulphide mineralization and associated hydrothermal alteration, are revealed. The 3D survey data provide a detailed high‐resolution image of the top ～450 m of the upper crust around the Maurliden East, North, and Central deposits. Several anomalies are interpreted as new potential prospects in the Maurliden area, which are mainly concentrated in the central conductive zone. In addition, the contact relationship between the major geological units, e.g., the contact between the Skellefte Group and the Jörn Intrusive Complex, is better understood with the help of 2010 deep‐resistivity/chargeability data. The bottommost part of the Vargfors basin is imaged using the 2010 geoelectrical and induced polarization data down to ～1‐km depth.  相似文献   

城市演进角度下的“涉水”地名文化景观——以福州滨江城区台江区为例     

翁毅  朱竑 《热带地理》2012,32(2):141-146,172

以福州滨江城区台江区为例,探讨历史时期、建国时期和现今时期3个演化阶段“涉水”地名文化景观的变化与城市演进的关系.研究结果表明,从历史时期至今,计有消失地名109个,新增地名78个和保留地名30个,消失比率约为50％;反映商业经济业态、方言特色和居住环境的定名方式也随之消失,取而代之的是类似的“城市化”地名,这亦是滨江地域文化的流失.现今“涉水”地名文化景观分别以保留地名与内河体系为增长“极核”和“扩展轴”,两者的叠加效应致使其重心向东迁移.现今地名加快的更新过程折射出城市演进和扩展速度超过建国时期和历史  相似文献   

城市化过程中半城市化地区社区人居环境特征研究——以厦门市集美区为例   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

黄宁  崔胜辉  刘启明  温晨  陈晓梅 《地理科学进展》2012,31(6):750-760

城市化过程中半城市化地区存在着城市化程度由低到高的农村社区、城乡过渡型社区以及居住小区等城市型社区,社区人居环境多样化、多变化。在城市化影响下,这些社区人居环境呈现一定的特征。以厦门市集美区为例,通过选取典型社区,分析其景观格局特征,构建人居环境评价指标体系,对城市化过程中半城市化地区不同类型社区的人居环境特征进行了研究。结果表明:①从农村到城乡过渡型社区,建筑面积比例显著增加,道路面积比例变化不大,而林地和草地面积比例逐渐减少,景观格局逐渐变为景观类型较单一、以现代建筑为优势景观的状态,景观趋于破碎化,形状略趋复杂,城市居住小区各类景观面积比例则相对合理,但景观高度破碎化、形状较规则。②城市化过程中各类型社区人居环境质量均逐渐变好,城乡过渡型社区和农村尤为明显,城市居住小区质量明显高于过渡型社区与农村,且除城中村之外,从农村到城市居住小区社区城市化程度与人居环境质量呈正相关关系。③城市化总体上促进了社区人居环境质量的提高,但对社区人居环境各方面的作用具有不同的规律,对于环境质量、人文环境等方面具有一定的负面影响。  相似文献   

Relationships between southern Chilean varved lake sediments,precipitation and ENSO for the last 600 years     

Xavier Boës  Nathalie Fagel 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2008,39(2):237-252

In this paper, the relationships between paleo-precipitation and the regional influence of El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in South America are assessed from a high-resolution calendar varve-thickness record. Two short laminated sediment cores (53 and 61 cm length) from Lago Puyehue (40° S) are analysed by continuous varve measurements through the last 600 years. The calendar varve years are determined by the occurrence of graded planktonic-rich layers. The annual sediment accumulation rates are reconstructed by using the standard varve-counting methods on thin sections. The 1980–2000 varve-thickness record is interpreted in terms of climate through correlation with limnological and local monthly instrumental climate databases. The comparison between the standardized varve thickness with the instrumental records reveals a strong correlation (r = 0.75, р = 0.07) between the total varve thickness and the austral autumn/winter precipitation. We argue that strong austral winter winds and precipitation are the forcing factors for the seasonal turn-over and phytoplankton increase in the lake sediments. During strong El Nino events the precipitation and the winds decrease abnormally, hence reducing the thickness of the biogenic sediments deposited after the winter turn-over. Our results show one significant regional maximum peak of winter precipitation (>900 mm) in the mid 20th century and a significant period with lower winter precipitation (<400 mm) before the 15th century, i.e., the late Medieval Warm Period. The first peak in the mid 20th century is confirmed by the regional precipitation database. The influence of ENSO cycles over the last 600 years is assessed by spectral analysis in Fagel et al. (2007). The possible influence of the regional volcanism and/or the seismic activity on the local climate record is also discussed. This is the sixth in a series of eight papers published in this special issue dedicated to the 17,900 year multi-proxy lacustrine record of Lago Puyehue, Chilean Lake District. The papers in this special issue were collected by M. De Batist, N. Fagel, M. -F. Loutre and E. Chapron.  相似文献   

快速城市化区域耕地变化与经济发展关系研究——以重庆市九龙坡区为例     

石彦  杨庆媛  冯应斌 《云南地理环境研究》2008,20(4):89-93

以重庆市九龙坡区为例,分析了快速城市化区域耕地面积变化与经济发展之间的动态变化特征,并运用脱钩理论深入研究了耕地面积变化与经济发展之间的脱钩情况。结果表明：（1）随着人均GDP的直线增长,九龙坡区的耕地面积不断减少。（2）固定资产投资增长率与耕地面积减少率之间存在一定的同步性,而GDP增长率滞后于耕地面积减少率。（3）九龙坡区耕地面积变化和经济发展之间有类似的库兹涅茨曲线特征,但受耕地面积的自身波动变化影响,库兹涅茨曲线特征不是十分典型。（4）脱钩分析表明九龙坡区以绝对脱钩占主导地位,脱钩指数在波动变化中呈减小趋势。  相似文献